Herniated Disc: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A herniated disc—sometimes called a “slipped” or “ruptured” disc—is one of the most common causes of back and leg pain. While the term can sound serious, many people recover well with the right combination of education, movement, and rehabilitation. If you’re experiencing back pain that radiates into the leg or arm, a herniated disc could be the cause—and help is available.

What Is a Herniated Disc?

Your spine is made up of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs, which act as cushions to absorb shock and support movement. A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a disc bulges or leaks out through a tear in its outer layer, potentially irritating nearby nerves.

Causes of Herniated Discs

Herniated discs can result from a variety of factors, including:

• Degeneration with age – discs become less flexible and more prone to tearing
• Improper lifting techniques – especially with twisting or bending
• Repetitive stress on the spine
• Sudden trauma or accidents
• Sedentary lifestyle or poor posture
• Genetics – some people are more predisposed to disc issues

Symptoms of a Herniated Disc

Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation. Most occur in the lumbar spine (lower back), but they can also affect the cervical spine (neck). Common signs include:

• Localized back or neck pain
• Radiating pain – down the leg (sciatica) or arm
• Numbness or tingling in the limbs
• Muscle weakness
• Pain that worsens with bending, coughing, or prolonged sitting

Diagnosing a Herniated Disc

Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough physical assessment:

1. Patient history – including the nature of your pain, activities, and any injuries
2. Movement testing – to check range of motion, reflexes, and nerve function
3. Special tests – such as the straight leg raise test for sciatic symptoms
4. Imaging – an MRI or CT scan may be recommended if symptoms are persistent or severe

Treatment Options for Herniated Discs

Most herniated discs can be treated without surgery, especially with early intervention and conservative care.

First-Line Care

• Rest from aggravating activities – but stay mobile
• Ice or heat therapy – to reduce muscle tension and inflammation
• Medication – short-term use of anti-inflammatories may be suggested

Rehab and Recovery

• Physiotherapy – the cornerstone of recovery, focusing on relieving nerve pressure, restoring mobility, and building spinal strength
• Athletic Therapy – helps active individuals return to sport or higher-level function with progressive, sport-specific rehab
• Kinesiology – improves movement patterns, posture, and spinal mechanics
• Massage Therapy – releases tight muscles in the back, hips, and legs that may be compensating for disc irritation

Advanced Support

• Shockwave therapy or traction techniques, when appropriate
• Referral to imaging or surgical consults, if symptoms worsen or don’t respond to conservative care—we work closely with local orthopedic surgeons in Kamloops to ensure a smooth process if needed

Recovery and Prevention

With proper rehab, most people see significant improvement in 6 to 12 weeks. Preventative strategies are key to avoiding future issues:

• Strengthen core and postural muscles
• Avoid prolonged sitting or slouching
• Use proper lifting techniques
• Stay active with a spine-safe exercise routine

How We Help in Kamloops

At our Kamloops clinic, we offer a collaborative, evidence-based approach to herniated disc care.

• Our team of physiotherapists, athletic therapists, kinesiologists, and massage therapists works together to relieve pain, restore mobility, and prevent re-injury
• We partner with local orthopedic and medical professionals for seamless referrals and imaging when needed
• Every treatment plan is tailored to your symptoms, goals, and lifestyle

Get Back to Moving Comfortably—Start Your Recovery Today

If you’re struggling with back pain, numbness, or sciatica-like symptoms, don’t wait. Our experienced rehab team in Kamloops is here to help you understand the cause, relieve discomfort, and regain your confidence in movement. Book your assessment today and take the first step toward long-term relief.