Spondylolisthesis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one beneath it, most commonly in the lower back. This condition can range from mild to severe and may cause pain, stiffness, or nerve-related symptoms. With the right rehabilitation and support, many people with spondylolisthesis are able to return to full, active lives.

What Is Spondylolisthesis?

Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra shifts out of alignment, typically in the lumbar spine (lower back). This shift can compress nearby nerves and affect the stability of the spine, leading to back pain or radiating leg symptoms. It’s different from a herniated disc and may be caused by structural changes in the bones themselves.

Causes of Spondylolisthesis

Several types of spondylolisthesis exist, and causes can vary depending on age, activity level, and spinal health:

• Degenerative changes – age-related wear and tear weakening the joints and ligaments
• Stress fractures (spondylolysis) – often seen in young athletes, especially gymnasts, dancers, and football players
• Congenital abnormalities – some individuals are born with structural differences that predispose them to slippage
• Trauma – acute injuries to the spine
• Post-surgical changes – rare, but can happen after spinal surgery

Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis

Not everyone with spondylolisthesis experiences symptoms, but when they do, they may include:

• Low back pain, especially with standing or extension (arching)
• Tight hamstrings or stiffness in the back
• Pain that radiates into the buttocks or legs
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs
• Difficulty with prolonged walking, standing, or bending backward

Diagnosing Spondylolisthesis

Diagnosis starts with a clinical assessment, including:

1. Patient history – looking at symptoms, activity level, and injury history
2. Physical exam – assessing range of motion, nerve function, posture, and muscle strength
3. Imaging – X-rays are typically used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the degree of slippage. An MRI may be recommended if nerve involvement is suspected

Treatment Options for Spondylolisthesis

Treatment is based on the severity of the slippage and symptoms. Most people with low-grade spondylolisthesis respond well to conservative care.

Conservative Care

• Activity modification – avoiding movements that aggravate symptoms
• Heat or ice therapy – to manage pain or stiffness
• Short-term medication – anti-inflammatories may be suggested to reduce discomfort

Rehabilitation

• Physiotherapy – essential for restoring core strength, spinal stability, and movement control
• Kinesiology – helps improve posture and retrain healthy movement patterns
• Athletic Therapy – particularly helpful for active individuals or athletes returning to sport
• Massage Therapy – can reduce tension in overworked muscles and relieve discomfort caused by compensatory patterns

When More Support Is Needed

• In cases of persistent or worsening symptoms, we work closely with local orthopedic surgeons in Kamloops to arrange imaging and consults if surgery or injections are required

Recovery and Prevention

With proper rehab, many individuals with low-grade spondylolisthesis can manage symptoms effectively and avoid surgery.
Key prevention and recovery tips include:

• Strengthen deep core muscles and glutes
• Avoid excessive lumbar extension or high-impact activities during flare-ups
• Practice good posture and spinal alignment
• Use proper lifting techniques

How We Help in Kamloops

Our Kamloops clinic offers a team-based approach to treating spondylolisthesis and other spinal conditions.

• We combine the expertise of physiotherapists, athletic therapists, kinesiologists, and massage therapists to deliver personalized, effective care
• We coordinate care with local orthopedic and medical professionals to ensure smooth referrals when needed
• Each treatment plan is tailored to your specific goals—whether that’s returning to sport, improving function, or reducing daily pain

Let’s Get You Moving Again—Safely and Confidently

If you’re experiencing back pain, stiffness, or nerve symptoms related to spondylolisthesis, you don’t have to manage it alone. Our experienced rehab team in Kamloops is here to guide your recovery with a plan that fits your life. Book your assessment today and take the first step toward strength, stability, and long-term relief.